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Emil Derr


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kabisco   kabisco DOUMBIA's TIGblog
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PROPOSITION DE LOI-CADRE SUR LE DROIT A L’ALIMENTATION EN AFRIQUE
Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

PROPOSAL FOR AN OUTLINE LAW ON RIGHT A L? SUPPLY AFRICA
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo

Ladies, Sirs,

Fascinating act of L? insufficiency of the device of hunger relief, of the increase in the number of situations of great poverty and in the absence of the constitutional recognition of a right to L? do food in Niger, we propose to register a measurement aiming at recognizing the existence of this right? who is D? elsewhere one of the inalienable rights allowing each one to satisfy the essential needs and to continue a normal social life.

Will our proposal for an outline law comprise six (6) articles carrying various provisions relating to the right to L? food and proposing the implementation of following measurements:
Regional provisions contributing to the realization of the right to L? food

right to L? food is an implicit right contained in the African Charter of the rights of L? is man and of people (CADHP) because it inextricably related to certain rights such as the rights to health, with L? education, with work, a healthy environment, the property:

- Art. 14 : “The right of ownership is guaranteed. It can be carried there reached only by public need or in L? interest general of the community, this, in accordance with the provisions of the suitable laws”;
- Art. 15 : “Any person has the right to work under equitable and satisfactory conditions and to perceive equal wages for an equal work”;
- Art. 16 : “Does Any person have the right to enjoy with the best physical and mental health qu? they is able D? to reach. States left with the present Charter S? engage to take measurements necessary in order to protect health from their populations and to ensure L to them? medical care necessary in the event of disease”;
- Art. 17 : “Is Any person entitled to L? education?. » ;
- Art. 18, Al 2, 4 : “L? Does State have L? obligation D? to assist the family in her mission of guardian of morals and the traditional values recognized by the Community. The old or handicapped people are entitled also to specific measurements of protection per relationship with the physical and moral needs”;
- Art. 22 : “Are All the people entitled to their economic, social and cultural development, in the strict respect of their freedom and their identity, and with the equal pleasure of the common inheritance of L? humanity. Do the States have the duty, separately or in co-operation, D? to ensure L? exercise of the right to the development”;
- Art. 24 : “All the people are entitled to a satisfactory and total environment, favourable with their development”;
- Chapter 2: “Of the Duties”.

The African Charter of the rights and the wellbeing of L? does child of 1990 guarantee the right to L? food with the children, through the following provisions:

- Art 5: “Any child is entitled to the life?. Do the States left with the present Charter ensure, as far as possible, survival, the protection and the development of L? child”;
- Art. 11 : “Is Any child entitled to L? education? » ;
- Art. 13 : “Any child who is mentally or physically handicapped A right to special measures of protection corresponding to his physical and moral needs and under the conditions which guarantee its dignity and which support its autonomy and its active participation in the Community life? » ;
- Art. 14 : “Does Any child have the right to enjoy the best health physical, mental and spiritual possible? » ;
- Art. 15 : “L? is child protected from any form D? economic exploitation and of L? exercise D? a work which probably involves dangers or which is likely to disturb L? education of L? child or to compromise his health or its development physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social?. » ;
- Art. is 19 “Whole child entitled to protection and at the care of his/her parents and, if possible, resides with the latter? » ;
- Art. 20 : “Parents or other people charged with L? child are responsible to the first chief for his education and his blooming?. ».

Does the solemn Declaration of the Conference on safety, stability, the development and the co-operation in Africa (CSSDCA) adopted in 2000 in Togo recognize the right of the people to live in peace and D? to have access to the essential things of the life, while enjoying the rights devoted in the DUDH and the CADHP.

International provisions relating to the right to L? food

Do the international legal instruments sanction the right to L explicitly? food:
- The universal Declaration of the rights of L? Man (DUDH): “Any person is entitled to a standard of living sufficient to ensure her health, her wellbeing and those of her family, in particular for the food… ” (Art. 25) ;
- The Constitution of the FOA of 1965: “The States which adhere to the present Act, determined to develop the wellbeing general by a particular and collective action, in order to raise the level of nutrition and the living conditions of the populations and thus to contribute to release the humanity of the hunger, constitute by present the United Nations for the food and agriculture” (Preamble);
- The international Pact relating to the economic, social and cultural rights (PIDESC) of 1966: “The States left with the present Pact recognize the right of any person to a standard of living sufficient for itself and its family, including a sufficient food… The States left will take suitable measures to ensure the realization of this right and they to this end recognize the essential importance of a freely authorized international co-operation” (Art. 11) ;
- The Convention on the rights of L? child (CDE) of 1990: “The States left take suitable measurements for… to fight against the disease and malnutrition grace in particular, with the use of techniques easily available and the nutritive food supply” (Art. 24) ;
“States left, taking into account the national conditions and as far as their means… offer, where necessary, a material assistance and programs of support, in particular with regard to the food” (Article 27);
- The Declaration of Rome on the world food safety of 1996
“Us, Heads of State and government, ..... let us reaffirm the right of each human being to have access to a healthy and nutritive food in accordance with the right to an adequate food and the basic right of each one to be safe from the hunger”;
- The plan D? action of the world top of L? food of 1966: “We will carry out this Action plan, and will ensure its control, and its follow-up, on all the levels in co-operation with the international community” (Engagement 7); “to clarify the contents of the right to an adequate food and basic right of each one to be safe from the hunger, such as it appears in the international Pact relating to the economic, social and cultural rights, and other international and regional instruments, and to give a detailed attention to the execution and the realization full and progressive of this right like means of arriving at food safety for all” (Objective 7.4).
This private bill S? inspire largely by the international Directives of FAO for food safety:

Article 1st: Drank

The present outline law aims one of the inalienable rights not devoted to Title II of the Constitution of August 9, 1999.

It states the general principles guiding the obligations of L? State, namely to take immediate measures so that each one is with L? shelter of the hunger and to gradually carry out the human right to L? food.

It defines D? a more precise manner obligations and institutional arrangements necessary for the implementation of the right to L? food.


Article 2: Contents of the right to L? food
the right to an adequate food means that each man, each woman and child, only and in his community, must be able to profit in any time from a physical and economic access to a sufficient food, or to use the suitable resources in order to profit from it from a way which is compatible with human dignity.
In a broader direction, the right to a sufficient food belongs to the right to a sufficient standard of living. Right to L? food must also be included/understood like the right to an adequate food and a nutrition.
Article 3: Objectives

the realization of the right to an adequate food requires:
A food exempts harmful and culturally acceptable substances, in quantity and quality being able to satisfy the nutritional and dietetic needs individuals.
An access to the food which does not block the pleasure of other human rights and which is durable.
The final objective of the right to an adequate food is to reach the nutritional wellbeing. The nutritional wellbeing depends on parallel measurements to take as regards education, on health and care.
The realization of the right to an adequate food is inseparable from social justice. It requires the adoption of economic policies, environmental and social suitable, at the national and international level. These policies aim to the eradication of poverty and the satisfaction of the fundamental needs.
Article 4: Obligations

In the recognition of its obligation to respect the right for each one to an adequate food in all circumstances, L? State will respect the physical and economic access to an adequate food or the suitable resources allowing its acquisition. The obligation to respect means that the State should not take any measurement which destroys the existing access from which profit the vulnerable populations and which it must respect the ancestral rights to the ground.
L? State will protect any individual placed under his jurisdiction from the obstacles by a third with its access to food. Does the obligation to protect include the responsibility for L? State to make sure that no individual nor private entity, in particular the multinational corporations placed under its jurisdiction, deprive the individuals of their access to an adequate food. This implies the protection of freedom to nourish oneself and the regulation of activities undertaken by thirds, in particular through the adoption of legislative and administrative measurements aiming at protecting the access to the food.
When an individual or a group is in the incapacity to enjoy his right to nourish itself, it is at the State to guarantee this right. Does this require that L? State identifies the vulnerable populations in its jurisdiction and that they ensure the right to them to be nourished by means of strategies making it possible in the long run these populations to nourish itself by themselves. This obligation also applies to the people victims of natural or different disasters.
Even whenever L? State faces severe economic constraints, due to a process of economic adjustment, recession or with other factors, the vulnerable people are in right to be protected by social programs allowing their access to an adequate food and guaranteeing their nutritional needs. L? State must at least answer the fundamental obligation according to which each individual must at least be released from the hunger. Moreover, L? State should design policies and programs aiming at implementation a complete of the right to an adequate food. Within the framework of the planning of the food safety measures, priority should be given, as much as possible, with the use of the local and regional food resources, including in the emergencies.
L? State must abstain from supporting or tolerating the actions carried out by nongovernmental individuals, companies or other actors who would deprive of the people, as well inside as outside its jurisdiction of their access to an adequate food. L? State will take all measurements necessary to prevent individuals, companies or other actors nongovernmental to derive advantages, financial or of another nature, coming from an activity which would block the pleasure of the right to an adequate food, even if this activity takes place in another country. L? State has the duty to prohibit such practices and to continue those which of it are responsible. The companies, including the transnational corporations, must be subjected to regulations at the national level so that one can make sure that their activities do not block the access to the food resources or the means of acquiring or to produce these resources. The companies themselves must respect the right to be nourished.
L? State must respect and promote actively the space which needs the civil company, i.e. the social individuals, families, communities, movements and the nongovernmental organizations to work with the realization of the right to an adequate food. L? State must respect and protect work from the defenders of the human rights and prevent any form of discrimination with regard to the civil company.
Article 5: Means and methods of implementation

L? State and the civil company? individuals, families, communities local and not-governmental organizations? as well as the companies should contribute to the achievement of the aims in view by the present law.
The implementation of the right to L? food must be done by stages and all the adapted means, in particular by the adoption of legislative measurements and the mobilization of the corresponding administrative resources.
Should these measurements apply to all the aspects of the feeding system? production, distribution, consumption? and to be accompanied by parallel measurements in the fields by health, social protection and education. In order to be effective, these measurements must also have for goal to reinforce the Community organizations and the civil company.
The access to the resources for the food production requires the prevention of the evictions and the transfers of population. The land reforms must provide an access to the ground to the vulnerable small farmers and to the peasants without ground. The changes and the innovations in the traditional agricultural operating systems must respect traditional husbandries. It is advisable to take measures which allow a durable production, which prevents the pollution of the ground and the water and which protect the fertility from the ground and the biodiversity of the climatic and genetic resources. The local producers of food must be ensured of an access to the markets for their products. The storage and the distribution of the local foodstuffs must be encouraged and reinforced. The development of local and regional agricultural processing industries stimulating the rural economy is an important stage towards the realization of the right to an adequate food. Finally it is necessary to prohibit the importation of foodstuffs which destroy the possibilities of sale of local products.
Measurements allowing a satisfactory distribution of the access to food must include measurements respecting and protecting independent employment, just as the promotion of an access without discrimination to a work sufficiently remunerated to ensure a decent life paid and its family. These steps should also support an access complete and equal women to the economic resources, including the right to the heritage and the land ownership, the financial and natural resources and adapted technologies, if necessary by the means of legislative and administrative reforms.
The measures intended to ensure the consumption of adequate food should include measurements aiming to the respect and the promotion of the traditional forms of food like with the establishment and the implementation of a legislation on the control of the foodstuffs and the consumer protection vis-a-vis the misinformation and to the commercial fraud. The food products appearing in the international programs of food aid must be healthy and culturally acceptable by the populations for which they are intended.
L? State should not block the access to the humane food aid in the event of internal conflicts.

Article 6: Mécanismes de suivi et procédures de recours possibles

L?Etat doit développer et maintenir les mécanismes de supervision des progrès de mise en oeuvre du droit à une nourriture adéquate, identifier les difficultés affectant l'accomplissement de ses obligations, et faciliter l'adoption de mesures législatives et administratives correctrices.
L?Etat doit développer et maintenir des procédures de recours effectives et accessibles, notamment à travers les juridictions, la Commission nationale des droits humains et des libertés fondamentales (CNDHLF) et le Médiateur de la République. L?Etat doit aussi s'assurer que ces procédures sont efficaces et accessibles dans les cas d'allégations formulées par des individus ou des groupes concernant la non-garantie ou encore des violations du droit à une nourriture adéquate.
L?Etat doit aussi surveiller l'impact des activités menées par des acteurs privés placés sous sa juridiction, en ce qui concerne la jouissance du droit à une nourriture adéquate sur son propre territoire, et prendre des mesures pour empêcher ou pour corriger les éventuelles conséquences négatives de ces activités.
L?Etat doit également se conformer pleinement à ses obligations relevant des traités internationaux, parmi lesquels le Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels, la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes formes de discrimination raciale, la Convention sur l'élimination de toutes formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes, et la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant. L?Etat est appelé à encourager la participation d'organisations non gouvernementales et celle d'autres acteurs non gouvernementaux à la préparation de ces rapports.
Le Comité sur les droits économiques, sociaux et culturels, le Comité sur toutes les formes de discrimination, la Comité sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes, et le Comité sur les droits de l'enfant ainsi que les instances concernées sont appelés à renforcer leurs capacités de juger de la mise en oeuvre du droit à une nourriture adéquate lors de l'examen des rapports du pays en ce qui concerne la mise en oeuvre des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels.




December 12, 2008 | 6:12 AM Comments  0 comments

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parkouparkou   parkouparkou MAIGA Oumar's TIGblog
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Maintenance du VSAT du CLIC de Gao
Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Maintenance of the VSAT of the CLICK of Gao
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
during two (2jours) the technician venat of Ghana Mr. Martin Korley and that of AFIKLINKS Mr. Timothé Keïta it are given for good a reusiite EC tool which is indispansable today. For a development of our community here are that nou nap, the CLICK with the side, it is a solution for the rural one.

October 12, 2008 | 2:36 PM Comments  1 comments

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kabisco   kabisco DOUMBIA's TIGblog
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10 questions sur la crise
Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

10 questions about the crisis
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
10 questions about the crisis
MICHEL COLONIST

1. “Subprimes”? The starting point is a true swindle. The Western banks enormously earned money on the back of US households in great difficulty from which one extorted exaggerated refundings. By thinking that if they did not manage to refund, one raflerait their house for a bread mouthful.

2. Only one banking crisis? At all. It is about a true economic crisis which starts by the banking environment, but whose causes are much deeper. Actually, all the US economy lives with credit since more than thirty years. The companies are involved in debt beyond their means, the State is involved in debt beyond its means (to make the war), and one systematically pushed the private individuals to be involved in debt, only means of maintaining artificially an economic growth.

3. Causes it deep? Not question of indicating it in the traditional media. However, the subprimes are only the point of the iceberg, the most spectacular demonstration of a general crisis of overproduction which strikes the United States, but also the Western countries. If it fine of the end for a multinational consists in laying off workers masses some to make thus do the same work per less people, if in more one lowers the wages by all kinds of measurements and with the assistance of accessory governments, with whom these capitalists will sell their goods? They did not cease impoverishing their customers!

4. Just a crisis to be surmounted? The History shows that capitalism always went from one crisis to the other. With from time to time, a “good war” to leave there (while eliminating from the rivals, the companies, of the infrastructures, which allows then a pretty “revival”). Actually, the crises are also a phase of which largest profit to eliminate or absorb weakest. As now in the US banking environment or with BNP which swallows Fortis (and that does nothing but start). Only, if the crisis reinforces the concentration of the capital to the hands of a number increasingly smaller of multinationals, which will be the consequence? These super - groups will have even more means of eliminating or of impoverishing the labour to be made a competition even stronger. Therefore, return to the box departure.

5. A moralized capitalism? Ca makes a hundred and fifty years that it is promised. Even Bush and Sarkozy put themselves at it. But actually it is as impossible as a tiger vegetarian or a cloud without rain. Because capitalism rests on three principles: 1. The private property of the great means of production and financing. They are not people who decide, but the multinationals. 2. Competition: to gain the economic war, it is to eliminate its rivals. 3. Maximum profit: to gain this battle, it is necessary to not carry out a “normal and reasonable” rate of profit, but a maximum rate of profit which makes it possible to outdistance its competitors. Capitalism, it is thus well the law of the jungle, as already Karl Marx wrote it: “The Capital detests the absence of profit. When it smells a reasonable benefit, the Capital becomes bold. To 20%, it becomes enthusiastic. To 50%, it is bold; at 100%, it presses with the feet all the human laws and to 300%, it does not move back in front of any crime. ” (The Capital, chapter 22)

6. To save the banks? Of course, it is necessary to protect the customers from the banks. But what the State actually does, it is to protect the rich person and privatiser the losses. The Belgian State, for example, did not have hundred million euros to help the people of modest means to maintain their purchasing power, but to save the banks it finds five billion in two hours. Billion which we will have to refund. Irony of the fate: Dexia was a public bank and Fortis swallowed a public bank which turned very well. Thanks to what its leaders and shareholders carried out juicy businesses during twenty years. And now that that is badly, their does one ask to pay the pots broken with the billion which they put on side? Not, one asks us with us!

7. Media? Far from explaining us all that, they stress secondary aspects. It is said to us that it will be necessary to seek the errors, the persons in charge, to fight excesses and bla bla bla. However, it is not a question of the errors of such or such, but of a system. This crisis was inevitable. The companies which collapse are weakest or malchanceuses. Those which survive, will acquerront of it even more capacity on the economy and our lives.

8. Neoliberalism? The crisis was not caused but accelerated by the néolibérale fashion of these twenty last years. However, this neoliberalism, the rich countries claimed to impose it of force in all Third World. Thus, in Latin America, that I have just studied by preparing my book “the 7 sins of Hugo Chavez”, the neoliberalism plunged million people in misery. But the man who launched the signal of the resistance, the man which showed that one could resist the World Bank, the IMF and the multinationals, the man which showed that it was necessary to turn the back on the neoliberalism to reduce poverty, this man, Hugo Chavez, the media do not cease of the diaboliser with blows of médiamensonges and gossip. Why?

9. The Third World? One speaks to us only about the consequences of the crisis in North. Actually, all Third World will suffer from it seriously because of economic recession and from the fall in the prices of the raw materials which it is likely to involve.

10. The alternative? In 1989, a famous US author, Francis Fukuyama, announced “the End of the History to us”: capitalism had triumphed for always, claimed it. It was not necessary a long time so that the “winners” break the figure. Actually, humanity indeed needs another type of company. Because the current system manufactures billion the poor, plunges in the anguish those which have the “chance” (provisional) to work, multiplies the wars and ruins the resources of planet. To claim that humanity is condemned to live under the law of the jungle, it is to take people for idiots. How is it necessary to design a more human company, offering a decent future to all? Here is the debate that it falls to us with all to launch. Without taboos.


October 8, 2008 | 11:39 AM Comments  0 comments

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kabisco   kabisco DOUMBIA's TIGblog
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Niger : libération provisoire de Moussa KAKA
Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Niger: provisional release of Foamed KAKA
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
The president of the room D? charge of the court D? call of Niamey stated Tuesday morning the reference of Foamed Kaka in front of the correctional court of Niamey there to be judged, and its setting in bail.

Justice native of Niger ordered Tuesday the handing-over in bail of the journalist Moussa Kaka, correspondent of Radio International France (RFI) in Niger, decree on September 20, 2007 because of its contacts with the rebellion touarègue, according to Reporters without borders (RSF). Did RFI confirm L? information on its waves.

Does RSF want to see in this decision “a first stage which, us L? let us hope, will lead quickly to an exit honourable and right”. “After 384 days of detention, our friend Moussa Kaka has the right to see finishing this too long test”, declares in an official statement L? organization of defense of the journalists and professionals of the media, based in Paris.

The room D? charge of the court D? did call of Niamey follow the public ministry

last On July 23, a withdrawal of case had been pronounced by the senior of the judges D? did instruction in favour of Foam Kaka, which was accused of “complicity of plot against L? authority of L? State”. But the public ministry had made call by requiring its reference in front of a correctional court after requalification of the loads in “acts likely to harm national defense”: an offence, and either a crime, liable D? one to five years of prison and D? a door amends.

According to RSF, the room D? charge of the court D? call of Niamey thus followed the public ministry Tuesday, also ordering the handing-over in bail of Foamed Kaka, in addition directing of Radio operator Saraounia. It is imprisoned with the civil prison of Niamey since September 26, 2007.

Justice native of Niger reproaches Moussa Kaka her telephone contacts with a chief of the Movement of the Natives of Niger for justice (MNJ). Do the journalist and his employers ensure qu? it acted within a purely professional framework, and deny any complicity with the rebellion touarègue armed, based in the north of the country.


October 7, 2008 | 8:05 AM Comments  0 comments

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